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Pruning
The first guide to pruning a young shade tree is to have a clear understanding about what pruning can do for the tree 
Prune modestly — if at all — when transplanting a new tree. An immediate objective must be to strengthen and expand the root system which is usually reduced by 80-90 percent during transplanting. To meet this objective, as much as possible of the leaf surface (the tree’s food factory) should be left intact. Only damaged or dead limbs should be removed.
After the first year, pruning should begin in earnest. Pruning with strength as the objective is the best way to avoid weak branches later on, and to prevent expensive corrections that will otherwise become necessary. Unless directions specify otherwise, it is better not to prune after planting if the tree will be watered regularly. Leaves manufacture the food needed for root growth, so the young tree needs as much of its crown as possible. Exceptions to this rule include trees that will be exposed to strong winds or drought conditions, in which cases early pruning will reduce the demand for water from the roots. Always prune dead or broken branches.
Branch Angles and Size 
Narrow angles signal a point of future weakness, whether in the trunk or crown. As the two branches grow, neither has sufficient space to add the wood needed for strength. Instead, they grow against each other. Creating an effect similar to hammering in a wedge. To prevent this and the expensive problems that are sure to follow, simply remove one of the two branches. For strength, the ideal branching angle approximates 10 or 2 0' clock.
Lateral branches should be no more than 1/2 to 3/4 the diameter of the trunk. As the trunk grows it will strengthen the joint by adding wood around the branch - like a dowel in a chair.
Thinning and Spacing
Most trees benefit from thinning - removing a portion of the limbs that compete for space and light. Creating evenly spaced laterals, 8-12 inches apart in the young tree, is a good rule of thumb to help assure an ideal “ladder” of maturity.
Rubbing Branches
Branches that rub result in wounds, decay and notches. Remove one of the offending branches.
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